LIGHTDARK

Kali Linux 2020.3 Release (ZSH, Win-Kex, HiDPI & Bluetooth Arsenal)

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Its that time of year again, time for another Kali Linux release! Quarter #3 - Kali Linux 2020.3. This release has various impressive updates, all of which are ready for immediate download or updating.

A quick overview of what’s new since the last release in May 2020:

New Shell (Is Coming)

Most people who use Kali Linux, (we hope), are very experienced Linux users. As a result, they feel very comfortable around the command line. We understand that “shells” are a very personal and precious thing to everyone (local or remote!), as that is how most people interact with Kali Linux. To the point where lots of experienced users only use a “GUI” to spin up multiple terminals. By default, Kali Linux has always used “bash” (aka “Bourne-Again SHell”) as the default shell, when you open up a terminal or console. Any seasoned Kali user would know the prompt kali@kali:~$ (or root@kali:~# for the older users!/) very well!

Today, we are announcing the plan to switch over to ZSH shell. This is currently scheduled to be the default shell in 2020.4 (for this 2020.3 release, bash will still be the default).

If you have a fresh default install of Kali Linux 2020.3, you should have ZSH already installed (if not, do sudo apt install -y zsh zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions), ready for a try. However if you installed an earlier version of Kali Linux and have upgraded to 2020.3, your user will be lacking the default ZSH configuration that we cooked with lots of love. So for upgrade users only, make sure to copy the configuration file:

kali@kali:~$ cp /etc/skel/.zshrc ~/
kali@kali:~$

Then all you need to do is switch to ZSH:

kali@kali:~$ zsh
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$

If you like what you see, you can set ZSH as your default (replacing bash) by doing chsh -s /bin/zsh. Which is what we will be doing in 2020.4.

We wanted to give the community a notice before this switch happens. This is a very large change (some may argue larger than the Gnome to Xfce switch last year). We are also looking for feedback. We hope we have the right balance of design and functionality, but we know these typically don’t get done perfect the first time. And, we don’t want to overload the default shell with too many features, as lower powered devices will then struggle or it may be hard to on the eyes to read. ZSH has been something we have wanted to do for a long time (even before the switch over to Xfce!).

We will be doing extensive testing during this next cycle so we reserve the right to delay the default change, or change direction all together. Again, we encourage you to provide feedback on this process. There is no way we can cover every use case on our own, so your help is important.

Q.) Why did you make the switch? What’s wrong with bash? A.) You can do a lot of advanced things with bash, and customize it to do even more, but ZSH allows you to do even more. This was one really large selling point.

Q.) Why did you pick ZSH and not fish? A.) In the discussion of switching shells, one of the options that came up is Fish (Friendly Interactive SHell). Fish is a nice shell (probably nicer than ZSH), but realistically it was not a real consideration due to the fact that it is not POSIX compatible. This would cause a lot of issues, as common one-liners just won’t work.

Q.) Are you going to use any ZSH frameworks (e.g. Oh-My-ZSH or Prezto)? A.) At this point in time, by default, no. The weight of these would not be workable for lower powered devices. You can still install them yourself afterwards (as many of our team do).

Win-KeX

Having Kali Linux on “Windows Subsystem for Linux” (WSL) is something we have been taking advantage of since it came out. With the release of WSLv2, the overall functionality and user experience improved dramatically.

Today, the experience is improving once more with the introduction of Win-KeX (Windows + Kali Desktop EXperience). After installing it, typing in kex, or clicking on the button, Win-KeX will give you a persistent-session GUI.

After getting WSL installed (there’s countless guides online, or you can follow ours/), you can install Win-KeX by doing the following:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y kali-win-kex

Afterwards, if you want to make a shortcut, follow our guide, or you can just type in kex!

On the subject of WSL (and this is true for Docker and AWS EC2) something we have seen a bit is after getting a desktop environment, people have noticed the tools are not “there”. This is because they are not included by default, to keep the image as small as possible. You either need to manually install them one by one, or grab the default metapackage to get all the tools from out-of-the-box: sudo apt install -y kali-linux-default

Please note, Win-KeX does require WSL v2 on x64 as it’s not compatible with WSL v1, or arm64.

For more information, please see our documentation page on Win-KeX

Automating HiDPI

HiDPI displays are getting more and more common. Unfortunately, Linux support, out of the box, hasn’t been great (older Linux users may remember a time where this was very common for a lot of hardware changes.). Which means after doing a fresh install, there is a bit of tweaking required to get it working, otherwise the font/text/display may be very small to read. We have had a guide out explaining the process required to get it working, but the process before was a little “fiddly”. We wanted to do better.

So we made kali-hidpi-mode. Now, either typing in kali-hidpi-mode or selecting it from the menu (as shown below), should automate switching between HiDPI modes.

Tool Icons

Over the last few releases, we have been showing the progress on getting more themed icons for tools. We can now say, if you use the default tool listing (kali-linux-default), every tool in the menu (and then a few extra ones!), should have their own icon now.

We will be working on adding missing tools to the menu (and creating icons for them) over the next few releases of Kali, as well as expanding into the kali-linux-large metapackage (then kali-tools-everything/). We also have plans for these icons, outside of the menu - more information in an upcoming release!

Kali NetHunter Bluetooth Arsenal

We are proud to introduce Bluetooth Arsenal by @yesimxev from the Kali NetHunter team. It combines a set of bluetooth tools in the Kali NetHunter app with some pre-configured workflows and exciting use cases. You can use your external adapter for reconnaissance, spoofing, listening to and injecting audio into various devices, including speakers, headsets, watches, or even cars.

Please note that RFCOMM and RFCOMM tty will need to be enabled in kernels from now on to support some of the tools.

Kali NetHunter for Nokia Phones

Kali NetHunter now supports the Nokia 3.1 and Nokia 6.1 phones, thanks to @yesimxev. Images are available on our download site. Please note that those images contain a “minimal Kali rootfs” due to technical reasons but you can easily install all the default tools via sudo apt install -y kali-linux-default.

Setup Process

The full installer image always had all the packages required for an offline installation but if you installed a Kali Linux system with this image and without disabling the network, the installer would automatically run dist-upgrade during the install. This is done to make sure that you have the latest packages on first boot. And that step can take a very long time, especially after a few months after a release when lots of updates have accumulated. Starting with 2020.3, we disabled the network mirror in the full installer so that you always get the same installation speed, and the same packages and versions for that release - just make sure to update after installing!

Whilst we were at it, we fixed another related issue. If you didn’t have network access (either voluntarily or otherwise) during installation, you would get an empty network repository (/etc/apt/sources.list/). This means, you would not be able to use apt to install additional packages. While there might be some users who will never have network, we believe that it’s best to actually configure that file in all cases. So that’s what we did. By default, any fresh installs going forward after 2020.3 will have network repositories pre-defined.

ARM Device Updates

We have (along with the work of Francisco Jose Rodríguez Martos who did a lot of the back end changes) refreshed our build-scripts for our ARM devices. We pre-generated various different ARM images (as of 2020.3 - 19 images) to allow for quick download and deployment, but we have build scripts for more (as of 2020.3 - 39 images). If your device is not one of ones that we release images for, you’ll need to use the scripts to self generate the image.

Notable changes in ARM’s 2020.3 release:

  • All of the ARM images come with kali-linux-default metapackage installed, bringing them in line with the rest of our releases, so more tools are available when you first boot
  • We have reduced the size of all our ARM images that are created, so downloads should be smaller. However, you will still need to use at least a 16GB sdcard/USB drive/eMMC
  • Pinebook and Pinebook Pro images can now be used on either sdcard or eMMC
  • The Pinebook image now has the WiFi driver built during image creation, instead of on first boot, this should speed up first boot time massively
  • The Pinebook Pro has a change from the upstream firmware, which changes ccode=DE to ccode=all - this allows access to more 2.4GHz and 5GHz channels
  • The 64-bit RaspberryPi images now have the RaspberryPi userland utilities built during image creation, so vcgencmd and various other utilities that were previously only available on the 32-bit image are now usable on 64-bit as well
  • The ODROID-C2 image now uses the Kali kernel, instead of a vendor provided one. This means in the future, an apt dist-upgrade will get you kernel updates instead of waiting for a new Kali release
  • The /etc/fstab file now includes the root partition via UUID, this should make it easier when trying to use a USB drive instead of sdcard on devices that support it

A few things which are work in progress:

  • RaspberryPi images are using 4.19 kernels. We would like to move to 5.4 however, nexmon isn’t working properly with it (as the new kernel requires firmware version => 7.45.202) for which no nexmon patch exists yet
  • There is a new USBArmory Mk2 build script. We don’t have the hardware to test it however, so we are looking for community feedback who is able to test it out
  • Veyron image will be released at a later date to kernel issues that haven’t yet been tracked down

Desktop Environment

As there has been minor update to Gnome, we have been taking some advantages of the new settings:

  • GNOME’s file manager nautilus has a new theme
  • GNOME’s system-monitor now matches the colors and also has stacked CPU charts
  • Improved the design for “nested headerbars” (example, in the Settings Window, where the left headerbar is joined with the side-navbar)

Community Shoutouts

A new section in the release notes, community shoutouts. These are people from the public who have helped Kali and the team for the last release. And we want to praise them for their work (we like to give credit where due!):

  • Crash who has been helping the community for some time now, thank you!
  • FrangaL who has been doing some great work with Kali Linux ARM, thank you!

Anyone can help out, anyone can get involved!

Download Kali Linux 2020.3

Fresh Images So what are you waiting for? Start downloading already!

Seasoned Kali Linux users are already aware of this, but for the ones who are not, we do also produce weekly builds that you can use as well. If you can’t wait for our next release and you want the latest packages when you download the image, you can just use the weekly image instead. This way you’ll have fewer updates to do. Just know these are automated builds that we don’t QA like we do our standard release images. But we gladly take bug reports about those images because we want any issues to be fixed before our next release.

Existing Upgrades If you already have an existing Kali Linux installation, remember you can always do a quick update:

kali@kali:~$ echo "deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ sudo apt update && sudo apt -y full-upgrade
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ [ -f /var/run/reboot-required ] && sudo reboot -f
kali@kali:~$

You should now be on Kali Linux 2020.3. We can do a quick check by doing:

kali@kali:~$ grep VERSION /etc/os-release
VERSION="2020.3"
VERSION_ID="2020.3"
VERSION_CODENAME="kali-rolling"
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ uname -v
#1 SMP Debian 5.7.6-1kali2 (2020-07-01)
kali@kali:~$
kali@kali:~$ uname -r
5.7.0-kali1-amd64
kali@kali:~$

NOTE: The output of uname -r may be different depending on the system architecture.

As always, should you come across any bugs in Kali, please submit a report on our bug tracker. We’ll never be able to fix what we don’t know is broken! And Twitter is not a Bug Tracker!

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